圣经神学与牧养
如果要你写一个牧师的职责说明，你会怎么写？你会找什么样的模板？或许你会问一下别的教会怎么写的，再稍作调整来符合你们教会的情况。
我们假设所有人都明白一个牧师是什么样的人，做什么样的事。但我们怎么知道一个牧师最基本的角色呢？
我们当然要去看圣经告诉我们牧师的含义。但去看哪段经文呢？我们可以从按立长老的要求看起（提前3：1-7，多1：5-10），再审慎地考虑给教会领袖的明确命令。当我们透过这些经文的表面去看的时候，我们看到了一幅有意思的图画。想一想使徒行传20：28和彼得前书5：1-3。这些都是对教会长老说的：
圣灵立你们作全群的监督、你们就当为自己谨慎、也为全群谨慎、牧养 神的教会、就是他用自己血所买来的。（使徒行传20：28）
我这作长老、作基督受苦的见证、同享後来所要显现之荣耀的，劝你们中间与我同作长老的人：务要牧养在你们中间神的群羊，按着神旨意照管他们；不是出於勉强，乃是出於甘心；也不是因为贪财，乃是出於乐意；也不是辖制所托付你们的，乃是作群羊的榜样。（彼得前书5：1-3）
在两段经文中，作牧师的主要任务可以总结为一个希腊词 poimaino ，这个词的基本含义是“牧养”，就像路加福音17：1和哥林多前书9：7节里所讲的牧养羊群一样。使徒行传里保罗和彼得前书里的彼得都把作牧师的工作总结为：牧养。
在以弗所书4：11，保罗把牧师解释为“牧师和教师”，这又说明了牧师的基本责任是牧养。实际上，英文里的“牧师”一词（pastor）是从拉丁文pastor来的，意思是“牧养者”。所以牧养是牧师基本的含义，也是圣经所教导的。
但是我们又怎么去理解“牧者”呢？如果你对羊有几本的认知，了解它们基本的需要，你便领略牧者的要旨了。羊需要喂养，需要关怀，需要引导，需要保护。牧师所做的事也类似，只不过是转换到属灵要义上。
有关牧养的圣经故事
但当我们了解这一概念是如果通过圣经故事展开的时候，我们对这个隐喻便会有一个全新的认识。基本上，牧师透过认识神如何牧养祂的子民来学习牧养。
1. 出埃及记里的大牧者
圣经里有关牧养的故事是从神领以色列人出埃及开始的，神引导他们在旷野四十年，最终把他们引到他们的应许之地。[1]诗篇77：20描述了整个出埃及和旷野漂泊的过程：“你曾藉摩西和亚伦的手引导你的百姓，好像羊群一般。”
神像一个牧羊人一样亲自与祂的子民同在（出33：15-16），保护他们（民14：7-9；申23：14），供给他们，喂养他们（诗78：19，105：40-41），医治他们（出15：26；民21：8-9）。
神像一个牧羊人一样把祂的子民引到牧场：“你凭慈爱领了你所赎的百姓；你凭能力引他们到了你的圣所。”（出15：13）又温柔地引导他们：我用慈绳（“慈”原文作“人的”）爱索牵引他们，我待他们如人放松牛的两腮夹板，把粮食放在他们面前。（何11：4）
神通过摩西这个众人领袖去牧养他们。（诗77：20）摩西求神赐下一个接班人，“可以在他们面前出入，也可以引导他们，免得耶和华的会众如同没有牧人的羊群一般。”（民27：17）·
所以神，这位创造之主，也是祂子民的牧者。祂通过祂所拣选的人去牧养。
2. 大卫——牧者君王
几百年之后，这样的模式又延续到大卫和他的王朝。神把他从一个牧养羊群的人变成一个牧养整个以色列的人（撒下5：1-3，7-8）。诗篇作者这样写到：又拣选他的仆人大卫，从羊圈中将他召来。叫他不再跟从那些带奶的母羊，为要牧养自己的百姓雅各，和自己的产业以色列。于是他按心中的纯正，牧养他们，用手中的巧妙，引导他们。（诗78：70-72）
正如大卫温柔地牧养羊群，所以同样他也负责地、满有怜恤地以正直与智慧去带领以色列。
但神自己仍是以色列的牧者。以色列这样说道：因为他是我们的神。我们是他草场的羊，是他手下的民。惟愿你们今天听他的话。（诗96：7）而大卫，神所拣选的牧者也在诗篇23篇里宣告他信靠神的供养、保护、和指引。
但不是所有的牧者君王都把以色列带到青草地，引导他们顺服神的话。他们中的大多数都把神的子民引到荒芜之地，敬拜偶像，施行不义。所以神把祂的羊群打散分散到各国之中，作为对他们的惩罚（利26：33；申4：27，28: 64；王上14：15）。
3. 新出埃及里的新牧者
但就是那位把祂的子民分散到列邦的神，也同样应许要把他们聚集起来。在耶利米书23：1-2里，神对以色列不义的王施行审判，因为这些牧者毁灭分散了他们。这些牧者没有关怀保护神的子民，所以神便要去审判他们。不但如此，在3到4节里神宣告说：
我要将我羊群中所余剩的，从我赶他们到的各国内招聚出来，领他们归回本圈。他们也必生养众多。我必设立照管他们的牧人，牧养他们。他们不再惧怕，不再惊惶，也不缺少一个。这是耶和华说的。
神将要扭转祂子民的命运，祂要赐下牧者牧养他们，供养他们，保护他们。这些牧者怎么去服侍神的子民呢？同样在耶利米书3：15里，经文告诉我们：“我也必将合我心的牧者赐给你们。他们必以知识和智慧牧养你们。”神要重新聚集起祂的子民，而带领他们的领袖要以从神的道路和圣道所领受的知识与悟性去喂养他们，以此来带领。
不但如此，神也兴起一位至高的掌权者，大卫的子孙来坚固神对祂子民的救恩：
耶和华说，日子将到，我要给大卫兴起一个公义的苗裔。他必掌王权，行事有智慧，在地上施行公平和公义。在他的日子，犹大必得救，以色列也安然居住。他的名必称为耶和华我们的义。（耶23：5-6）
神重新聚集祂的子民，这是一个新的出埃及，将他们引回到应许之地，这将远胜过之前神把祂的子民从埃及领出来。这也将是祂的子民从那时起称颂记念祂的凭据。（7-8节）
所以神作为信实的牧者将要聚集祂的子民。而且神也会兴起许多忠心的牧者去牧养祂的羊群。但只有一位牧者君王将把祂的子民救赎出来，使他们在神的治理之下兴旺。
以赛亚书40：11也让我们看到了这个新出埃及的掠影。祂要重新把祂的百姓聚集起来：他必像牧人牧养自己的羊群，用膀臂聚集羊羔抱在怀中，慢慢引导那乳养小羊的。
以西结书34章更细致地描绘了神作为牧者救赎祂子民的工作。以色列当下的牧者喂养的是他们自己而不是神的子民。他们没有医治人的疾病，给百姓寻找安息之所。所以现在神的羊群已经失散了（1-6节）。因为这些神要去审判这些作恶的牧者，并要亲自救赎祂的羊群（7-10节）。神自己要去寻找他们，救赎他们，聚集他们到他们自己的地方，喂养他们，引导他们到安息之所（11-14节）。“主耶和华说，我必亲自作我羊的牧人，使它们得以躺卧。失丧的，我必寻找。被逐的，我必领回。受伤的，我必缠裹。有病的，我必医治。只是肥的壮的，我必除灭，也要秉公牧养它们。”（15-16节）
但神也应许道：“我必立一牧人照管他们，牧养他们，就是我的仆人大卫。他必牧养他们，作他们的牧人。”（23节）所以神自己要作他们的牧者，而且“个人大卫”也会作他们的牧者。当神作他们的牧者时，他们必有平安、福气、安全、饱足、自由、尊荣还有神的真知识。（25-31节）
4. 耶稣是好牧人
那们神所设立的牧者是谁呢？正是耶稣，这位好牧人。耶稣怜悯众人，因为他看到他们困苦无助，羊没有牧人（太9：36）。耶稣这位好牧人要来赐下丰盛的生命给羊群（约10：10），为羊群舍命（11，15节），祂也知道祂的羊（14节）并要聚集祂的羊群（16节）。
把神的子民比作羊群的隐喻首先被用来形容以色列在旷野的情形：饥饿、干渴、灼热，没有真正的家。后来便转换到了属灵的含义 ，来形容现在的教会。就像以色列在旷野时一样，我们还没有进入神的安息（来4：11）。威胁我们的不但有饥饿困苦，还有反对与逼迫。
我们现在软弱彷徨，被困苦所压伤。但在启示录里，约翰给我们描述出我们最后的目的地：他们不再饥，不再渴。日头和炎热，也必不伤害他们。因为宝座中的羔羊必牧养他们，领他们到生命水的泉源。神也必擦去他们一切的眼泪。（启7：16-17）
主耶稣是我们的牧者，而且是我们的好牧人。日子快来，他将要成为我们的牧者，那个时候我们不会再有饥饿与伤害。
像大牧者一样去牧养
那这些对教会牧者有什么启发呢？耶稣那段著名的对彼得说的话给了我们很好的方向。耶稣三次问彼得爱不爱祂；彼得三次回答说：爱；耶稣又三次嘱咐彼得牧养祂的羊（约21：15-17）。约翰福音里“牧养”与“喂养”有两个不同的希腊词，但两个词是一样的意思。都指的是牧者向羊群展现的全面关爱：喂养、看顾、引导、保护。而这恰恰就是牧师对他的羊群该有的关爱。
牧师要用神的话语去喂养人群，用纯正的教义勉励他们（多1：9-10），把神全备的知识讲解给他们（徒20：27）。牧师也要保护他的羊群远离错误的教义不至于带他们走错了路（徒20：29-31）。牧师也要用敬虔的榜样去带领他们（来13：7），装备他们去做事工（弗4：12），又用智慧教导他们教会的事（提前5：17）。牧师要温柔地供养他羊群所需要的辅导、帮助、鼓励。
总之一句话：牧师要关怀。牧师不但要关心，也要关怀。牧师知道他们，也找到他们。牧师给他们灵魂真正所需，即使是人们不知道他们最需要的是什么，或不想要他们最需要的。
总得来说，牧师要效法父神。保罗勉励教会领袖：“我们又劝弟兄们，要警戒不守规矩的人，勉励灰心的人，扶助软弱的人，也要向众人忍耐。”（帖前5：14）那种个人对个人的关怀正是神在寻找失散的人时所应许的，神将迷路的带回来，又医治受伤的，以公正喂养他们（结34;16）。
牧师也要效法我们的主耶稣基督，祂在众牧师之先牧养神的子民，又在牧师的事工中牧养他们，将来在牧师的工作停止的时候，他还会继续牧养。这也是为什么彼得叫祂“大牧者”（彼前5：4）。耶稣是神为大卫兴起的后裔；他是神百姓真正的牧者君王。但耶稣的牧养工作不是凌驾于其他牧者之上，相反祂装备他们，加力量给他们。
牧师，你们有没有想过你们在地方教会服侍是在参与先知预言的应验？要牢记神应许在祂设立大牧者的时候也要在祂的子民里设立许多牧者（耶23：4，5）。这些牧者要用知识与智慧牧养他们（耶3：15）。
你事工的优先次序和大牧者有多吻合呢？你有多了解你羊群的属灵情况呢？你投入多少时间去和那些有需要的人一对一地交流呢？你是更关心有多少人进入你的教会，还是更关心他们的灵魂是荒芜还是兴旺？
你有没有勇敢地与会众所面临的威胁争战？还是你对羊群不管不顾，不用圣经真理装备他们，任凭他们成为假教师的猎物？你知道你的哪些羊群有丰盛的生命，哪些生命不好吗？你知道哪些在属灵上是刚强的，哪些又是软弱的吗？你知道有哪些是在羊圈里，哪些是在旷野里游荡吗？
如果你想在牧师的职责描述上添加与众不同的一笔，思想一下在圣经里神是如何牧养祂的子民的。惊叹于祂是如何温柔地关怀羊群，又用大能的手保护他们。学习祂是如何耐心地满足祂的羊群不同的需要。感叹神的恩慈怜悯是何等得深，把整个银河握于手中的神竟俯下身子搂起不能走路的羊。我们也要祷告，神藉着祂的恩典以及圣灵的能力，把我们变成一个合祂心意的牧者。
[1] 在这一部分我引用了Timothy S. Laniak 的解经。他的书 Shepherds after My Own Heart: Pastoral Traditions and Leadership in the Bible, New Studies in Biblical Theology 20 (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006).
Biblical Theology and Shepherding
How would you write a pastor’s job description? Where would you look for models? Maybe you’d ask a few other local churches for theirs and make a few tweaks to reflect your own church’s schedule and programs.
That assumes, of course, that everyone already knows what a pastor is supposed to be and do. But how do we know what a pastor’s fundamental role is?
Certainly we should look to Scripture to tell us what a pastor is. But where in Scripture? We could start with the work implied in elders’ qualifications (1 Tim. 3:1–7; Tit. 1:5–10), and carefully consider explicit commands given to church leaders. When we scratch beneath the surface of some of those commands, though, an interesting picture emerges. Consider Acts 20:28 and 1 Peter 5:1–3, both addressed to elders of local churches:
Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to care for [Gk. poimainein] the church of God, which he obtained with his own blood. (Acts 20:28)
So I exhort the elders among you, as a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, as well as a partaker in the glory that is going to be revealed: shepherd [Gk. poimanate] the flock of God that is among you, exercising oversight, not under compulsion, but willingly, as God would have you; not for shameful gain, but eagerly; not domineering over those in your charge, but being examples to the flock. (1 Pet. 5:1–3)
In both of these passages, the main task of pastoring is summed up with the Greek verb poimaino, the basic meaning of which is “to shepherd,” as in, care for sheep (Luke 17:7; 1 Cor. 9:7). Both Paul in Acts and Peter in 1 Peter sum up the work of pastoring in one word: to shepherd.
In Ephesians 4:11, Paul refers to pastors as “shepherd-teachers,” again demonstrating that the idea of shepherding is basic to the pastoral office. In fact, the English word “pastor” itself comes from the Latin pastor, which means “shepherd.” So shepherding is basic to the word “pastor” and to biblical descriptions of pastoring.
But where do we learn what it means to shepherd? If you have a basic acquaintance with sheep and their needs, then you get the basic gist. Sheep need feeding and tending and guiding and protecting. Pastors do this for their people, transposed into a spiritual key.
SCRIPTURE’S STORY OF SHEPHERDING
But this metaphor takes on a whole new depth when we see how it unfolds throughout the story of Scripture. Ultimately, pastors learn what it means to be a pastor from how God himself shepherds his people.
The Divine Shepherd of the Exodus
Scripture’s story of shepherding begins in earnest when God brings his people up out of Egypt, guides them through the wilderness for forty years, and leads them safely into their own land.[1] Describing the whole period of the exodus and the wilderness, Psalm 77:20 declares, “You led your people like a flock / by the hand of Moses and Aaron.”
Like a shepherd, God was personally present with his people (Ex. 33:15–16). Like a shepherd, God protected his people (Num. 14:7–9; Deut. 23:14). Like a shepherd, God provided for his people. He fed them (Ps. 78:19,105:40–41). He healed them (Ex. 15:26; Num. 21:8–9).
Like a shepherd, God guided his people to fertile pastures: “You have led in your steadfast love the people whom you have redeemed; you have guided them by your strength to your holy abode” (Ex. 15:13). Like a shepherd, God gently, tenderly drew his people along:
I led them with cords of kindness,
with the bands of love,
and I became to them as one who eases the yoke on their jaws,
and I bent down to them and fed them. (Hos. 11:4)
In all this, God shepherded his people through Moses, the human leader he appointed to shepherd them (Ps. 77:20). And Moses himself asked the Lord for a successor, in order that “the congregation of the Lord may not be as sheep that have no shepherd” (Num. 27:17).
So the Lord, the divine King of creation, is also the shepherd of his people. And he shepherded them through a human shepherd of his own appointing.
David the Shepherd-King
Hundreds of years later, this pattern continues in the reign of David and his dynasty. The Lord took David from shepherding sheep and made him shepherd of Israel (2 Sam. 5:1–3, 7:8). The psalmist declares,
He chose David his servant
and took him from the sheepfolds;
from following the nursing ewes he brought him
to shepherd Jacob his people,
Israel his inheritance.
With upright heart he shepherded them
and guided them with his skillful hand. (Ps. 78:70–72)
Just as David tenderly nurtured the sheep under his care, so, in the main, he led Israel responsibly and compassionately, shepherding them in integrity and wisdom.
Yet God himself remained the true shepherd of Israel. Israel confessed, “For he is our God, / and we are the people of his pasture, / and the sheep of his hand” (Ps. 95:7). And David, God’s appointed under-shepherd, proclaimed his trust in God’s provision, protection, and guidance in the sublime poetry of Psalm 23.
But not all of Israel’s shepherd-kings led Israel in the green pastures of obedience to the Lord’s Word. Instead, most of them led God’s people into the barren wastelands of idolatry and injustice. So God scattered his flock among the nations as a punishment for their sin (Lev. 26:33; Deut. 4:27, 28:64; 1 Kgs. 14:15).
New Shepherds in the New Exodus
But the same God who scattered his people promised to gather them again. In Jeremiah 23:1–2, the Lord pronounces judgment on Israel’s wicked kings, the shepherds who destroyed and scattered God’s sheep. These shepherds failed to attend to God’s people in care and protection, so God will attend to them in judgment. Not only that, in verses 3–4 God declares,
Then I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries where I have driven them, and I will bring them back to their fold, and they shall be fruitful and multiply. I will set shepherds over them who will care for them, and they shall fear no more, nor be dismayed, neither shall any be missing, declares the Lord.
The Lord will restore the fortunes of his people, and they will have shepherds who care for them, provide for them, and protect them. How will these shepherds serve God’s people? The parallel passage in Jeremiah 3:15tells us, “And I will give you shepherds after my own heart, who will feed you with knowledge and understanding.” The leaders of God’s re-gathered people will lead the people by feeding the people the knowledge and understanding of God’s ways and Word.
Not only that, but God will also raise up one supreme ruler, the heir of David, who will secure the salvation of all of God’s people:
Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell securely. And this is the name by which he will be called: “The LORD is our righteousness.” (Jer. 23:5–6)
This re-gathering of God’s people, this new exodus back into their land, will outshine even God’s mighty deliverance of his people from Egypt, and will be the deed by which God’s people name and remember him from this time on (vv. 7–8).
So God will gather his people as a faithful shepherd. And God will raise up many faithful shepherds to care for his people. Yet one shepherd-king in particular will save the people and ensure their secure flourishing in God’s place, under God’s rule.
Isaiah 40:11 provides another glimpse of God’s new-exodus act of gathering his sheep himself:
He will tend his flock like a shepherd;
he will gather the lambs in his arms;
he will carry them in his bosom,
and gently lead those that are with young.
Ezekiel 34 paints a more detailed portrait of God’s work as the shepherd who will save his people. The current shepherds of Israel have fed themselves rather than the sheep and failed to heal the sick and seek the straying, so now God’s sheep have been scattered (vv. 1–6). For all this God will judge these wicked shepherds, and will rescue his sheep himself (vv. 7–10). God himself will seek them out, rescue them, gather them into their own land, feed them, and lead them to lie down and rest (vv. 11–14). “I myself will be the shepherd of my sheep, and I myself will make them lie down, declares the Lord God. I will seek the lost, and I will bring back the strayed, and I will bind up the injured, and I will strengthen the weak…I will feed them in justice” (vv. 15–16).
Yet God also promises, “I will set up over them one shepherd, my servant David, and he shall feed them: he shall feed them and be their shepherd” (v. 23). So God himself will be their shepherd, but so will his “servant David.” And when God again shepherds his people, they will have peace, blessing, security, abundance, freedom, honor, and the true knowledge of God (vv. 25–31).
Jesus the Good Shepherd
Who is this shepherd whom God sets over his people? Jesus, the good shepherd. Jesus had compassion on the crowds because they were harassed and helpless, sheep without a shepherd (Matt. 9:36). Jesus is the good shepherd who came to give abundant life to God’s sheep (John 10:10), who lays down his life for God’s sheep (v. 11, 15), who knows his own sheep (v. 14), who gathers all his sheep into one flock (v. 16).
The metaphor of God’s people as sheep first took shape to describe Israel in the wilderness: hungry, thirsty, scorched by the sun, not yet at their true home. Transposed into a spiritual key, all this is true of the church in the present age. Like Israel in the wilderness, we have not yet entered God’s rest (Heb. 4:11). We’re threatened not just by hunger and hardship, but opposition and persecution.
Now we are weak and wandering, pressed by hardship. But in Revelation, John catches a glimpse of our final destination:
They shall hunger no more, neither thirst anymore;
the sun shall not strike them,
nor any scorching heat.
For the Lamb in the midst of the throne will be their shepherd,
and he will guide them to springs of living water,
and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes. (Rev. 7:16–17)
The Lord Jesus is our shepherd, and he is a good shepherd. One day soon, though, he will be our shepherd, and we will never again hunger or hurt.
SHEPHERDING LIKE THE CHIEF SHEPHERD
So what does this story say to the church’s shepherds? Jesus’ famous words to Peter point us in the right direction. Three times Jesus asked Peter if he loved him; three times Peter replied “yes”; three times Jesus charged Peter to care for his sheep (Jn. 21:15–17). John’s Gospel uses two different Greek words for “tend” or “feed” in this passage, but they mean the same thing. Both refer to the comprehensive care shepherds show sheep: feeding, tending, guiding, protecting. And that is exactly the kind of care pastors are to give their people.
Pastors are to feed their people with the Word, exhorting them in sound doctrine (Tit. 1:9–10), proclaiming to them the whole counsel of God (Acts 20:27). Pastors are to guard their people against false doctrine and those who would lead them astray (Acts 20:29–31). Pastors are to lead their people by providing a godly example (Heb. 13:7), equipping them for ministry (Eph. 4:12), and wisely directing the affairs of the church (1 Tim. 5:17). Pastors are to care for their people by tenderly providing whatever counsel, help, and encouragement they need.
In a word, pastors care. They don’t just care about their people, they care for them. They know them. They seek them out. They give their people what their souls need, even when the people themselves don’t know or want what they most need.
In all this, pastors image God the Father. Paul exhorts church leaders, “And we urge you, brothers, admonish the idle, encourage the fainthearted, help the weak, be patient with them all” (1 Thess. 5:14). That kind of person-by-person care is exactly what God promises to do for his people when he pledges to seek the lost, bring back the strayed, bind up the injured, and feed them all in justice (Ezek. 34:16).
And pastors image our Lord Jesus Christ, who shepherd the people of God before any pastor, and shepherds them throughout the course of every pastor’s ministry, and will shepherd them after every pastor’s ministry ends. That’s why Peter calls Jesus the “chief Shepherd” (1 Pet. 5:4). Jesus is the heir God raised up for David; he is the one true Shepherd-King of God’s people. Yet Jesus’ shepherding ministry doesn’t rule out human shepherds—instead it equips and empowers them.
Pastor, have you ever considered that your own ministry to your local church participates in the fulfillment of prophecy? Remember that God promised to set many shepherds over his people when he set his supreme Shepherd over them (Jer. 23:4, 5). These shepherds would feed God’s people with knowledge and understanding (Jer. 3:15).
How well do your priorities in ministry match those of the divine shepherd? How well do you know your sheep’s spiritual needs? How much time and effort do you devote to meeting those needs one by one? Are you more concerned about how many new bodies enter the building or about how their souls are fainting or flourishing?
Are you vigilant against threats to your people’s soundness in the faith? Or do you leave your sheep easy prey for false teachers by failing to equip them with a deep grasp of biblical doctrine?
Do you know which of your sheep are flourishing and which are malnourished? Which are spiritually strong and which are sick? Which are safely in the fold and which are wandering into the wilderness?
If you want a refresher on your job description as a pastor, consider how God has shepherded his people throughout the story of Scripture. Marvel as his gentle care and powerful protection. Learn from his patient attention to his people’s diverse needs. Be amazed at the depths of God’s tender compassion, that the one who holds galaxies in his hand also stoops down and picks up those sheep who are too weak to walk. And pray that, by his grace and in the power of his Spirit, God would make you a shepherd after his own heart.
[1] Throughout this section I draw on the exegesis of Timothy S. Laniak, Shepherds after My Own Heart: Pastoral Traditions and Leadership in the Bible, New Studies in Biblical Theology 20 (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006).
作者：Bobby Jamieson
Bobby Jamieson 是九标志英文事工的助理编辑，第三大道浸信会成员，毕业于美南浸信会神学院。
翻译肢体：高蒙恩
用圣经视野和实用资源装备教会领袖
进而通过健康的教会向世界彰显神的荣耀
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